Species

Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J. Sm.

Photo: P. Ballings
Zimbabwe

Synonyms	Didymochlaena lunulata sensu Sim Aspidium truncatulum Sw. Adiantum lunulatum Houtt. Didymochlaena dimidiata Kunze
Common name
Description	Rhizome erect, forming a short caudex up to 25 cm in diameter; rhizome scales 20 x 1 mm, pale to dark brown, apex tapering to a point, subentire, with a few filamentous marginal outgrowths. Fronds tufted, erect to arching, firmly herbaceous to coriaceous, up to 3.6 m long. Stipe up to 60 cm long, straw-coloured, grooved, set with reddish-brown, twisted scales up to 3 x 0.4 cm. Lamina up to 2 × 0.5 m, bipinnate, oblong-elliptic in outline, with a pinnate apical segment, not reduced at the base. Pinnae in about 20-40 pairs, alternate, spaced apart, shortly petiolate, up to 25 × 4 cm, narrowly oblong in outline, apex tapering to a point, pinnate into (26-) 35 (-40) pairs of pinnules. Pinnules up to 2.5 x 1 cm, dimidiate, almost rectangular in outline, shortly petiolate, articulated, apex rounded to truncate, lower margin entire, upper margin irregular to toothed, hairless on both surfaces, deep glossy green above, paler below. Rhachis and secondary rhachis straw-coloured with pale brown scales similar to those on the stipe. Sori 1-6(-11) per pinnule, up to 2.5 x 2 mm, broadly elliptic, sometimes deeply sunk into the lamina, set close to the upper margin; indusia up to 3.5 x 2 mm, broadly elliptic, brown with pale rims and with a narrowly elongated stalk, entire.
Notes	D. truncatula can not easily be confused with other ferns; it has very characteristic almost rectangular pinnules with a dimidiate and entire lower margin and an irregularly crenate upper margin.
Derivation	truncatula: cut of straight, referring to the square-shaped pinnule apices.
Habitat	Deeply shaded moist situations in wet evergreen forest, including mist and rain forest, along margins of streams.
Distribution worldwide	Tropical Africa and subtropical southern Afrika; also known from Madagascar, Asia and America.
Distribution in Africa	Angola , Burundi , Cameroon , Congo , Dem. Republic of Congo , Equatorial Guinea (incl. Bioko), Ethiopia , Kenya , Malawi , Mozambique , Nigeria , Rwanda , South Africa , Swaziland , Tanzania , Uganda , Zambia , Zimbabwe .
Growth form	Terrestrial.
Literature	Burrows, J.E. (1990) Southern African Ferns and Fern Allies. Frandsen, Sandton. Pages 299 - 300. (Includes a picture). Crouch, N.R., Klopper, R.R., Burrows, J.E. & Burrows, S.M. (2011) Ferns of Southern Africa, A comprehensive guide. Struik Nature. Pages 486 - 487. (Includes a picture). Fisher E. & Killmann D. (2008) Illustrated Field guide to the Plants of Nyungwe National Park Rwanda. University of Koblenz-Landau. Pages 86 - 87. (Includes a picture). Jacobsen, W.B.G. (1983) The Ferns and Fern Allies of Southern Africa. Butterworths, Durban and Pretoria. Pages 432 - 433. (Includes a picture). Roux, J.P. (2009) Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Page 119. Roux, J.P. (2001) Conspectus of Southern African Pteridophyta.Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report, 13 Page 131. (Includes a picture). Roux, J.P.; Shaffer-Fehre, M. & Verdcourt, B. (2007) Dryopteridaceae.Flora of Tropical East Africa, Pages 22 - 24. (Includes a picture). Schelpe, E.A.C.L.E. (1970) Pteridophyta.Flora Zambesiaca, 0 Page 220. (Includes a picture). Tardieu-Blot, M.-L. (1964) Ptéridophytes vol.3.Flore du Cameroun, Pages 254 - 255. (Includes a picture).